The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, orchestrated by Al-Qaeda, profoundly transformed the global landscape. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four planes, leading to the destruction of New York’s Twin Towers, the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and the crash of United Flight 93 in Pennsylvania. This catastrophic event resulted in nearly 3,000 deaths and prompted immediate and sweeping actions by the United States, including the invasion of Afghanistan to dismantle Al-Qaeda and oust the Ta