India’s Space Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh has said that there is no indication of sabotage behind a series of recent failures involving the Indian Space Research Organisation, even as repeated setbacks to strategic missions have triggered concern within policy and defence circles. The remarks come after three out of six ISRO missions launched from Indian soil over the past year failed, all of them linked to national security and strategic objectives.
Speaking at a press briefing in New Delhi, Dr. Singh said that no report pointing to sabotage has been received so far. He clarified that while he is responsible for overseeing space launches, investigations related to sabotage or hostile interference fall under the purview of other ministries such as defence, home affairs, or external affairs. The minister added that, as of now, there is no information to suggest external interference in the recent launch failures.
The comments follow two rare back-to-back mid-flight failures of ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, a rocket that has long been considered the agency’s most dependable platform. Over a 33-year operational history, the PSLV had suffered only four major failures prior to 2025. The failures in May 2025 and January 2026, both occurring during the third stage of flight, have therefore raised serious questions about reliability and corrective action.
Dr. Singh addressed public speculation that ISRO may have failed to rectify earlier faults, stating that the two PSLV failures had different technical causes despite occurring at the same stage. He expressed confidence in ISRO’s internal failure appraisal process, describing it as thorough and analytical. Traditionally, ISRO has publicly released summaries of mission failure analyses, contributing to its image as a transparent space agency.
However, in recent cases, that practice has not been consistently followed. The failure analysis report of the PSLV-C61 mission in May 2025 was submitted to the Prime Minister’s Office but not released publicly. Similarly, no detailed technical update has been shared regarding the PSLV-C62 failure in January 2026 beyond ministerial statements.
January 2026 – PSLV-C62 / EOS-N1
The PSLV-C62 mission on January 12, 2026, was ISRO’s first launch of the year and marked the PSLV’s return to flight after a setback in May 2025. The primary payload was EOS-N1, also known as Anvesha, a hyperspectral Earth observation satellite developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. The satellite was designed to operate at an altitude of 511 kilometres and provide advanced material identification capabilities by analysing reflected light across multiple wavelengths.
The mission also carried 15 co-passenger satellites. A mid-flight failure during the third stage of the PSLV resulted in the loss of the rocket and all onboard satellites, ending the mission prematurely.
May 2025 – PSLV-C61 / EOS-09
On May 18, 2025, ISRO’s PSLV-C61 mission failed approximately six minutes after liftoff. According to ISRO officials, performance was normal up to the second stage before an anomaly was observed during third-stage operation. The EOS-09 satellite, a radar imaging platform capable of all-weather, day-and-night surveillance, was lost along with the launch vehicle.
Despite the strategic importance of the mission, ISRO did not release a public failure analysis, a departure from past practice.
January 2025 – GSLV-F15 / NVS-02
On January 29, 2025, ISRO launched the NVS-02 navigation satellite aboard the GSLV-F15 rocket during the 100th launch from the Sriharikota spaceport. While the rocket successfully placed the satellite into its initial orbit, the satellite failed to fire its onboard engines, preventing it from reaching its designated operational orbit.
The failure rendered NVS-02 unusable for its intended role within India’s NAVIC regional navigation system, which serves both civilian agencies and the armed forces.
August 2021 – GSLV-F10 / EOS-03
In August 2021, ISRO launched the EOS-03 satellite, previously known as GISAT-1, aboard the GSLV-F10 rocket. Designed for near real-time Earth observation and disaster monitoring, the mission failed due to a malfunction in the cryogenic upper stage. ISRO later identified a valve leak in the liquid hydrogen tank as the cause of the failure.
August 2017 – PSLV-C39 / IRNSS-1H
The PSLV-C39 mission in August 2017 failed after the satellite remained trapped inside the rocket’s heat shield due to a separation failure. Although all other flight events proceeded as planned, the navigation satellite could not be deployed, resulting in the loss of a critical component of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System.
The cumulative impact of these strategic mission failures over the past nine years is significant. Financial estimates suggest losses amounting to several hundred million dollars, excluding the cost of rebuilding and relaunching replacement missions. Beyond monetary loss, delays in deploying indigenous navigation and surveillance satellites force greater reliance on foreign systems, affecting strategic autonomy.
ISRO has indicated that each failure was caused by a different subsystem or component, reinforcing the reality that spaceflight is a zero-error domain where even minor defects can have catastrophic consequences. While each failure contributes valuable lessons, the repeated setbacks have slowed the deployment of key space-based capabilities developed by Indian scientists, placing renewed focus on reliability, transparency, and long-term mission planning.
