The gifts were chosen not merely as ceremonial items but as cultural messages. From Assam’s golden Muga silk to Rajasthan’s Madhubani painting, from Ladakh’s pure wool stole to Gujarat’s Kesar mangoes, each item carried a story of Indian identity. The selection also appeared to match the recipient country’s cultural background, creating a bridge between Indian traditions and the heritage of the host nations.

Indian textiles and art take centre stage

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni received a Muga silk stole, one of Assam’s most prestigious textiles. Known as the golden silk of Assam, Muga silk is valued for its natural golden sheen, durability and understated elegance. The gift was seen as a meaningful cultural connection with Italy, a country famous for luxury textiles, fashion and refined design.

Meloni was also given a packet of Melody toffees, a lighter personal gesture that quickly attracted attention online. A video shared by Meloni showed her appreciating the toffee, calling it “very, very good.” The moment gained extra traction because many social media users have already used the popular term “Melodi” to describe the equation between Modi and Meloni.

The Italian Prime Minister also received a Shirui Lily silk stole inspired by the rare Shirui Lily of Manipur. The flower, which blooms only in the misty heights of Shirui Kashong peak, has deep cultural significance for the Tangkhul Naga community. It symbolises purity, identity and pride. The choice also carried a connection to Italy, where lilies have long been associated with grace, purity and artistic refinement.

Italian President Sergio Mattarella was gifted a marble inlay work box along with CDs of legendary Indian classical musicians Pandit Bhimsen Joshi and M S Subbulakshmi. The box represented the Pacchikari or Pietra Dura tradition, closely associated with Agra’s master craftsmen. The art form has a historical connection to Florence and later flourished in India under royal patronage, making it a symbolic bridge between India and Italy.

In the Netherlands, King Willem-Alexander received Jaipur blue pottery, a GI-tagged art form known for its cobalt blue, white and yellow designs. This was a clever diplomatic choice because the Netherlands has its own celebrated Delft Blue pottery tradition. Queen Maxima received Meenakari and Kundan earrings, representing the royal jewellery traditions of Rajasthan.

Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten was gifted a Madhubani painting featuring a fish motif. Madhubani painting, a GI-tagged folk art from Bihar’s Mithila region, is known for vibrant colours, geometric patterns and symbolic themes. The fish motif is often linked to prosperity, fertility and good fortune.

Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre received a pressed orchid painting and orchid paperweights made from real pressed orchids and ferns from Sikkim. These gifts highlighted the biodiversity of the Eastern Himalayas. King Harald V of Norway was presented with a silver sailboat model made using Tarakasi, the ancient silver filigree art of Cuttack in Odisha. Queen Sonja received a palm leaf Pattachitra, one of Odisha’s oldest and most intricate art forms.

Food, craft and heritage used as diplomacy

Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson received a Ladakhi pure wool stole, along with Loktak tea and a handcrafted Santiniketan messenger bag. The Ladakhi stole represented India’s high-altitude textile heritage, while Loktak tea brought attention to the northeast’s artisanal tea culture. The Santiniketan bag reflected Bengal’s craft traditions and the cultural legacy associated with the region.

Iceland’s Prime Minister Kristrun Frostadottir was gifted a replica of the ice axe used by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay during the historic first ascent of Mount Everest in 1953 with Sir Edmund Hillary. This gift was one of the most symbolic items on the list, connecting adventure, mountaineering history and Himalayan pride.

Denmark’s Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen received a Bidri silver work vase. Bidri work, rooted in the Deccan, is known for its blackened metal base and intricate silver inlay. It remains one of India’s most refined metal craft traditions. Finland’s Prime Minister Petteri Orpo was gifted a Kamal Talai Pichwai painting from Rajasthan’s Nathdwara tradition, known for devotional themes and delicate artistic detailing.

In the UAE, President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan received a Rogan painting featuring the tree of life. Rogan art is a rare textile painting tradition from Gujarat’s Kutch region. He was also given Kesar mangoes, the GI-tagged mango variety known as Gujarat’s “Queen of Mangoes,” and Meghalaya pineapples, which are among India’s most admired fruit varieties.

The UAE Crown Prince received a ceremonial dagger with Koftgari work, representing India’s martial and metalwork heritage. He was also gifted Mithila makhana, a premium agricultural product from Bihar. The UAE Queen Mother received Maheshwari silk fabric from Madhya Pradesh and Chak Hao rice, the famous black rice of Manipur.

Modi also presented a wide selection of Indian rice varieties to Qu Dongyu, Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. The gifts included red rice from Palakkad in Kerala, Gobindobhog rice from West Bengal, Basmati rice from the Indo-Gangetic plains, Joha rice from Assam and Kalanamak rice from Uttar Pradesh, often known as “Buddha Rice.” He was also given millet bars, underlining India’s ongoing push to promote millets as nutritious and climate-resilient grains.

The gift diplomacy during Modi’s tour served a clear purpose. It promoted Indian handlooms, GI-tagged products, traditional art forms and regional agricultural produce on a global stage. It also projected India as a country with deep cultural roots and enormous regional diversity.

However, the real value of such diplomatic gifting depends on follow-through. If India wants these products to gain global visibility beyond ceremonial exchanges, it must invest more in international branding, artisan support, export channels and digital storytelling. A Muga silk stole or Madhubani painting can create diplomatic symbolism, but the bigger opportunity is to convert that visibility into global market demand for Indian artisans, farmers and craft communities.

Modi’s latest gift list shows how cultural diplomacy can be used as soft power. Each gift carried a message: India is not just negotiating with the world politically and economically, but also introducing its regional stories, craft traditions, foods and artistic identity to global leaders. For audiences in India and abroad, the tour offered a reminder that diplomacy is not only built through agreements and speeches. Sometimes, it is also carried through silk, mangoes, paintings, rice and handcrafted symbols of heritage.