Russia has reportedly provided Iran with intelligence regarding the locations of United States military forces, according to people familiar with US intelligence assessments. The information is said to include satellite imagery showing the positions and movements of American troops, ships, and aircraft across parts of the region. Officials briefed on the matter indicated that much of the data came from Russia’s network of overhead surveillance satellites, marking the first indication that Moscow may be directly assisting Tehran with operational intelligence during the current conflict.

Sources familiar with the intelligence briefings said it remains unclear what Moscow may be receiving in return for sharing the information. Analysts have also not confirmed whether any specific Iranian strike can be directly linked to the Russian-provided targeting data. However, recent Iranian drone attacks have hit several locations where American troops were present, raising questions among US officials about the potential impact of the intelligence sharing.

One of the most serious incidents occurred on Sunday when an Iranian drone struck a temporary facility housing US troops in Kuwait. The attack killed six American service members, according to reports based on military briefings. Officials reviewing intelligence assessments suggested that the growing military cooperation between Russia and Iran could be influencing operational developments in the conflict.

At the same time, US intelligence agencies are monitoring indications that China could offer Iran limited support. According to individuals familiar with the assessments, such assistance could include financial aid, spare parts, or missile-related components. Beijing has largely avoided direct involvement so far but maintains strong economic ties with Tehran, particularly through energy trade.

China relies heavily on Iranian oil and has reportedly urged Iranian authorities to ensure the safe passage of ships through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical route for global energy supplies. Analysts say Beijing is cautious about expanding its support because prolonged conflict could disrupt vital energy shipments and destabilize regional markets.

Despite these concerns, US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth downplayed the significance of Russia and China in the ongoing confrontation. Speaking to reporters, he said both countries are “not really a factor” in the current military campaign against Iran.

The United States has deployed significant forces in the region as part of the operation. According to US Central Command commander Admiral Brad Cooper, the mission includes more than 50,000 troops, over 200 fighter jets, and two aircraft carriers. Pentagon officials say the primary objective of the campaign is to eliminate Iran’s ballistic missile capabilities, which Washington believes Tehran has used as protection while advancing its nuclear program.