Ajit Doval’s journey from IPS officer to covert intelligence operative
Ajit Doval began his professional journey as an officer in the Indian Police Service in 1968, serving in the Kerala cadre. Over time, he developed a reputation for managing insurgency-related challenges and complex law-and-order situations, which required a combination of tactical decision-making and psychological resilience. Rather than following a conventional policing career, he later transitioned into the Intelligence Bureau, moving into a domain where operational visibility is minimal but strategic impact is significant. During the 1970s, Doval was reportedly assigned to a deep-cover intelligence mission in Pakistan, marking a critical phase in his career. The assignment extended over several years, demanding a sustained and disciplined approach to undercover work. To function effectively, he assumed a complete alternate identity, integrating into local society through language proficiency, cultural understanding, and adherence to social and religious practices. This level of immersion was essential for maintaining credibility and avoiding suspicion in a sensitive environment. Operating in a foreign and potentially hostile setting required the development of a consistent personal narrative and the ability to establish relationships without drawing attention. Such assignments are typically conducted without direct support, placing significant responsibility on the individual operative. The risks associated with exposure are severe, emphasizing the need for precision, restraint, and continuous situational awareness. Intelligence gathering in these conditions often involves incremental efforts, where accurate information is collected over time rather than through rapid or visible actions. The nature of such operations differs considerably from their portrayal in popular media. While films like Dhurandhar often depict espionage through fast-paced sequences and overt action, real-world intelligence work is characterized by patience, discretion, and long-term commitment. Doval’s reported experiences reflect the complexities of covert operations, where outcomes are rarely visible and details remain largely classified, underscoring the contrast between cinematic representation and operational reality.
Ajit Doval’s journey from IPS officer to covert intelligence operative
Ajit Doval began his professional journey as an officer in the Indian Police Service in 1968, serving in the Kerala cadre. Over time, he developed a reputation for managing insurgency-related challenges and complex law-and-order situations, which required a combination of tactical decision-making and psychological resilience. Rather than following a conventional policing career, he later transitioned into the Intelligence Bureau, moving into a domain where operational visibility is minimal but strategic impact is significant. During the 1970s, Doval was reportedly assigned to a deep-cover intelligence mission in Pakistan, marking a critical phase in his career. The assignment extended over several years, demanding a sustained and disciplined approach to undercover work. To function effectively, he assumed a complete alternate identity, integrating into local society through language proficiency, cultural understanding, and adherence to social and religious practices. This level of immersion was essential for maintaining credibility and avoiding suspicion in a sensitive environment. Operating in a foreign and potentially hostile setting required the development of a consistent personal narrative and the ability to establish relationships without drawing attention. Such assignments are typically conducted without direct support, placing significant responsibility on the individual operative. The risks associated with exposure are severe, emphasizing the need for precision, restraint, and continuous situational awareness. Intelligence gathering in these conditions often involves incremental efforts, where accurate information is collected over time rather than through rapid or visible actions. The nature of such operations differs considerably from their portrayal in popular media. While films like Dhurandhar often depict espionage through fast-paced sequences and overt action, real-world intelligence work is characterized by patience, discretion, and long-term commitment. Doval’s reported experiences reflect the complexities of covert operations, where outcomes are rarely visible and details remain largely classified, underscoring the contrast between cinematic representation and operational reality.
Tamil Nadu Polls 2026: ECI Deploys Massive Security, Declares Holiday For Voting
The Election Commission of India has completed extensive preparations for the Tamil Nadu Assembly elections scheduled for April 23, ensuring strict monitoring and security across the state. Surveillance teams have been deployed in all constituencies and are working round the clock to maintain law and order. Authorities have seized cash, liquor, narcotics and gift items worth Rs 1212.74 crore during the enforcement drive, although a portion of the seized cash was later returned after verification. The final electoral rolls show over 5.73 crore voters, including more than 2.93 crore women, who are expected to cast their votes at over 75,000 polling stations across the state. A public holiday has been declared on polling day to encourage voter participation. Employers have been directed to grant leave even to shift-based and casual workers, including those working outside their constituencies, so they can exercise their franchise. Liquor outlets across the state and bordering regions will remain closed from April 21 to April 23, and again on the counting day, May 4, as part of measures to ensure free and fair elections. To strengthen election integrity, over 7,000 micro observers have been deployed at sensitive polling stations. These teams will function under the supervision of general, police and expenditure observers appointed for all 234 constituencies. Additionally, nearly 84,000 police personnel and more than 40,000 non-police staff have been assigned election duties. The Union Home Ministry has also provided 300 companies of CAPF personnel to enhance security coverage across districts. Officials have emphasized that these arrangements are aimed at ensuring a transparent and peaceful voting process. With strict enforcement, widespread monitoring and administrative readiness, authorities expect a smooth polling day with strong voter participation across Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu Polls 2026: ECI Deploys Massive Security, Declares Holiday For Voting
The Election Commission of India has completed extensive preparations for the Tamil Nadu Assembly elections scheduled for April 23, ensuring strict monitoring and security across the state. Surveillance teams have been deployed in all constituencies and are working round the clock to maintain law and order. Authorities have seized cash, liquor, narcotics and gift items worth Rs 1212.74 crore during the enforcement drive, although a portion of the seized cash was later returned after verification. The final electoral rolls show over 5.73 crore voters, including more than 2.93 crore women, who are expected to cast their votes at over 75,000 polling stations across the state. A public holiday has been declared on polling day to encourage voter participation. Employers have been directed to grant leave even to shift-based and casual workers, including those working outside their constituencies, so they can exercise their franchise. Liquor outlets across the state and bordering regions will remain closed from April 21 to April 23, and again on the counting day, May 4, as part of measures to ensure free and fair elections. To strengthen election integrity, over 7,000 micro observers have been deployed at sensitive polling stations. These teams will function under the supervision of general, police and expenditure observers appointed for all 234 constituencies. Additionally, nearly 84,000 police personnel and more than 40,000 non-police staff have been assigned election duties. The Union Home Ministry has also provided 300 companies of CAPF personnel to enhance security coverage across districts. Officials have emphasized that these arrangements are aimed at ensuring a transparent and peaceful voting process. With strict enforcement, widespread monitoring and administrative readiness, authorities expect a smooth polling day with strong voter participation across Tamil Nadu.
Digital Twin Job Loss Crisis: How AI “Superworkers” Are Reshaping the Future of Work
The rise of AI-powered digital twins is no longer just a tech trend—it’s quickly turning into a digital twin job loss crisis that could reshape how millions of people work. Companies are building AI versions of employees that can think, respond, and make decisions like humans. While this promises efficiency, it also raises a serious concern: are workers unknowingly training their own replacements? How Digital Twins Are Replacing Human Roles
Digital Twin Job Loss Crisis: How AI “Superworkers” Are Reshaping the Future of Work
The rise of AI-powered digital twins is no longer just a tech trend—it’s quickly turning into a digital twin job loss crisis that could reshape how millions of people work. Companies are building AI versions of employees that can think, respond, and make decisions like humans. While this promises efficiency, it also raises a serious concern: are workers unknowingly training their own replacements? How Digital Twins Are Replacing Human Roles
Israel warns of escalation as Iran rejects US talks in Pakistan
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warned that tensions with Iran could escalate rapidly, underscoring the fragile state of the ongoing geopolitical situation. Speaking alongside Javier Milei, Netanyahu said the conflict remains unpredictable and developments could unfold at any moment. He empha
Israel warns of escalation as Iran rejects US talks in Pakistan
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warned that tensions with Iran could escalate rapidly, underscoring the fragile state of the ongoing geopolitical situation. Speaking alongside Javier Milei, Netanyahu said the conflict remains unpredictable and developments could unfold at any moment. He empha
North Korea Fires Multiple Ballistic Missiles Toward Eastern Waters, South Korea Alerts
Tensions on the Korean Peninsula have escalated once again after North Korea launched multiple ballistic missiles toward its eastern waters, according to officials from South Korea. The launches, which were detected and tracked by South Korea’s military, have raised fresh concerns over regional security
North Korea Fires Multiple Ballistic Missiles Toward Eastern Waters, South Korea Alerts
Tensions on the Korean Peninsula have escalated once again after North Korea launched multiple ballistic missiles toward its eastern waters, according to officials from South Korea. The launches, which were detected and tracked by South Korea’s military, have raised fresh concerns over regional security
Chicago to New York flight diverted, passengers evacuated in Pittsburgh
A United Airlines flight traveling from Chicago to New York was diverted to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, following a reported security concern, prompting an emergency evacuation upon landing. The incident occurred on Saturday morning, though officials have not specified an exact time. According to United Airlines, Flight 2092 departed from Chicago O’Hare International Airport en route to LaGuardia Airport in New York when the crew received reports of a potential security issue. As a precaution, the aircraft was redirected to Pittsburgh International Airport, where it landed safely. Once on the ground, all passengers and crew members were evacuated using emergency slides on the tarmac. Authorities confirmed that none of the 159 passengers or six crew members onboard sustained injuries during the evacuation process. Emergency responders, including specialized units and bomb-detection teams, were deployed to assess the situation upon the aircraft’s arrival. Law enforcement officials from Allegheny County assisted in securing the scene and supporting the ongoing investigation. However, authorities have not disclosed specific details regarding the nature of the security concern that led to the diversion. The aircraft remained on the tarmac as officials conducted a thorough inspection. The airline stated it is cooperating fully with law enforcement and aviation authorities as they continue to investigate the incident. The diversion highlights standard aviation safety protocols, which prioritize passenger and crew security in response to any potential onboard threat. Further updates are expected as officials complete their review of the situation.
Chicago to New York flight diverted, passengers evacuated in Pittsburgh
A United Airlines flight traveling from Chicago to New York was diverted to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, following a reported security concern, prompting an emergency evacuation upon landing. The incident occurred on Saturday morning, though officials have not specified an exact time. According to United Airlines, Flight 2092 departed from Chicago O’Hare International Airport en route to LaGuardia Airport in New York when the crew received reports of a potential security issue. As a precaution, the aircraft was redirected to Pittsburgh International Airport, where it landed safely. Once on the ground, all passengers and crew members were evacuated using emergency slides on the tarmac. Authorities confirmed that none of the 159 passengers or six crew members onboard sustained injuries during the evacuation process. Emergency responders, including specialized units and bomb-detection teams, were deployed to assess the situation upon the aircraft’s arrival. Law enforcement officials from Allegheny County assisted in securing the scene and supporting the ongoing investigation. However, authorities have not disclosed specific details regarding the nature of the security concern that led to the diversion. The aircraft remained on the tarmac as officials conducted a thorough inspection. The airline stated it is cooperating fully with law enforcement and aviation authorities as they continue to investigate the incident. The diversion highlights standard aviation safety protocols, which prioritize passenger and crew security in response to any potential onboard threat. Further updates are expected as officials complete their review of the situation.
Trump signs short-term surveillance extension, delaying Section 702 clash
U.S. President Donald Trump on Saturday, April 27, 2026, signed a short-term measure extending a controversial surveillance program under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act until April 30, preventing its imminent expiration while postponing a broader legislative showdown in Congress.
Trump signs short-term surveillance extension, delaying Section 702 clash
U.S. President Donald Trump on Saturday, April 27, 2026, signed a short-term measure extending a controversial surveillance program under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act until April 30, preventing its imminent expiration while postponing a broader legislative showdown in Congress.
Strait of Hormuz crisis deepens: Iran may prioritize paid shipping access amid rising tensions
Strait of Hormuz crisis intensifies amid shipping threats and stalled diplomacy The Strait of Hormuz crisis has escalated sharply as Iran appears to tighten its control over the strategic waterway, raising concerns about global oil supply and maritime security. Reports suggest Tehran may prioritize passage for select vessels, while tensions with the United States continue to grow.The
Strait of Hormuz crisis deepens: Iran may prioritize paid shipping access amid rising tensions
Strait of Hormuz crisis intensifies amid shipping threats and stalled diplomacy The Strait of Hormuz crisis has escalated sharply as Iran appears to tighten its control over the strategic waterway, raising concerns about global oil supply and maritime security. Reports suggest Tehran may prioritize passage for select vessels, while tensions with the United States continue to grow.The
Gunman kills five in Kyiv supermarket siege, attacker shot dead
A gunman opened fire in Kyiv, killing five people and injuring several others, according to Ukrainian officials. The incident unfolded on Saturday when the attacker entered a supermarket and began shooting, triggering a large-scale police response and a tense hostage situation. Authorities confirmed that the suspect was later killed during a coordinated operation inside the store. Ukraine’s Interior Minister Ihor Klymenko said the gunman had taken hostages and fired at responding officers during the standoff, complicating efforts to safely resolve the situation. Police ultimately neutralized the attacker while attempting to detain him. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy confirmed the death toll and said officials were working to establish all circumstances surrounding the attack. He extended condolences to the victims’ families and emphasized that a full investigation is underway. Live broadcast footage from the scene showed armed police units taking cover inside the shopping complex as gunfire echoed. Civilians in the area were quickly evacuated as emergency responders secured the perimeter and moved to contain the threat. Officials reported that at least 10 people were hospitalized with injuries and trauma following the attack. Four hostages were rescued during the operation and are receiving support. Investigators from the National Police of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine are continuing to examine the incident. Authorities said verified updates will be released as more details become available.
Gunman kills five in Kyiv supermarket siege, attacker shot dead
A gunman opened fire in Kyiv, killing five people and injuring several others, according to Ukrainian officials. The incident unfolded on Saturday when the attacker entered a supermarket and began shooting, triggering a large-scale police response and a tense hostage situation. Authorities confirmed that the suspect was later killed during a coordinated operation inside the store. Ukraine’s Interior Minister Ihor Klymenko said the gunman had taken hostages and fired at responding officers during the standoff, complicating efforts to safely resolve the situation. Police ultimately neutralized the attacker while attempting to detain him. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy confirmed the death toll and said officials were working to establish all circumstances surrounding the attack. He extended condolences to the victims’ families and emphasized that a full investigation is underway. Live broadcast footage from the scene showed armed police units taking cover inside the shopping complex as gunfire echoed. Civilians in the area were quickly evacuated as emergency responders secured the perimeter and moved to contain the threat. Officials reported that at least 10 people were hospitalized with injuries and trauma following the attack. Four hostages were rescued during the operation and are receiving support. Investigators from the National Police of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine are continuing to examine the incident. Authorities said verified updates will be released as more details become available.
Iran rift exposed after firing on Indian ships in Strait of Hormuz
Tensions within Iran’s leadership structure came
Iran rift exposed after firing on Indian ships in Strait of Hormuz
Tensions within Iran’s leadership structure came
Iran fires on tanker in Strait of Hormuz: What the renewed shipping crisis means for global oil
Iran tanker attack Strait of Hormuz signals renewed crisis in global shipping Tensions in the Middle East escalated sharply after an Iran tanker attack in the Strait of Hormuz, raising fresh concerns about global oil supply and maritime safety. The incident comes as Iran reimposed restrictions on one of the world’s most critical shipping routes, just a day after signals of reope
Iran fires on tanker in Strait of Hormuz: What the renewed shipping crisis means for global oil
Iran tanker attack Strait of Hormuz signals renewed crisis in global shipping Tensions in the Middle East escalated sharply after an Iran tanker attack in the Strait of Hormuz, raising fresh concerns about global oil supply and maritime safety. The incident comes as Iran reimposed restrictions on one of the world’s most critical shipping routes, just a day after signals of reope
Instant Payments, Rising Risks: Digital Fraud Surges in India
India’s rapid digital transformation has made financial transactions faster and more convenient, but it has also led to a sharp rise in online fraud cases. Over the past decade, digital payments have grown exponentially, with platforms like Unified Payments Interface becoming a part of everyday life. However, this growth has been accompanied by a surge in fra
Instant Payments, Rising Risks: Digital Fraud Surges in India
India’s rapid digital transformation has made financial transactions faster and more convenient, but it has also led to a sharp rise in online fraud cases. Over the past decade, digital payments have grown exponentially, with platforms like Unified Payments Interface becoming a part of everyday life. However, this growth has been accompanied by a surge in fra
India Must Prepare for Future Op Sindoor: Anil Chauhan Calls for Unity
Anil Chauhan has stressed the need for India’s armed forces to enhance coordination and prepare for future challenges, drawing lessons from ‘Operation Sindoor’. He noted that the military must move beyond replicating past strategies and instead adapt to evolving threats and new forms of warfare. Referring to ‘Operation Sindoor’, Chauhan desc
India Must Prepare for Future Op Sindoor: Anil Chauhan Calls for Unity
Anil Chauhan has stressed the need for India’s armed forces to enhance coordination and prepare for future challenges, drawing lessons from ‘Operation Sindoor’. He noted that the military must move beyond replicating past strategies and instead adapt to evolving threats and new forms of warfare. Referring to ‘Operation Sindoor’, Chauhan desc
Trump signals Iran ceasefire may end, hints at deal and White House celebration
U.S. President Donald Trump signaled both optimism and uncertainty regarding ongoing tensions with Iran, stating that a potential agreement could end hostilities while warning that military action may resume if negotiations fail. Speaking aboard Air Force One at 09:05 AM IST on Saturday, April 18, 2026, Trump said he would host a celebratory gathering at the White House if the conflict concludes throug
Trump signals Iran ceasefire may end, hints at deal and White House celebration
U.S. President Donald Trump signaled both optimism and uncertainty regarding ongoing tensions with Iran, stating that a potential agreement could end hostilities while warning that military action may resume if negotiations fail. Speaking aboard Air Force One at 09:05 AM IST on Saturday, April 18, 2026, Trump said he would host a celebratory gathering at the White House if the conflict concludes throug
Trump Administration Reverses Russian Oil Sanctions Waiver Decision
The United States has issued a fresh month-long sanctions waiver permitting transactions involving Russian crude oil already in transit, marking a notable policy reversal within days of signaling a stricter stance. The waiver allows purchases of oil loaded onto vessels as of April 17 to continue until May 16, providing limited flexibility to global buyers amid ongoing disruptions in the energy market. The decision comes shortly after earlier statements ruled out any extension, highlighting the pressure created by rising fuel costs and tightening supply conditions. With gasoline prices climbing and geopolitical tensions affecting key supply routes, the move reflects an effort to stabilize markets rather than signal a broader policy shift. Importantly, the waiver applies only to cargo already at sea and does not authorize new purchases, reinforcing its temporary and targeted nature. For India, one of the largest importers of Russian crude, the extension offers short-term operational relief. Russian supplies currently account for nearly 38 to 40 percent of India’s total crude imports, making them a critical component of the country’s energy mix. Given that India relies on imports for more than 88 percent of its energy needs, even minor disruptions can have significant economic implications. Indian refiners had previously indicated their intent to continue sourcing Russian oil regardless of external sanctions frameworks, emphasizing that energy procurement remains a sovereign decision. The waiver, however, reduces immediate logistical and financial uncertainties by ensuring smoother completion of shipments already underway. As geopolitical tensions continue to reshape global energy flows, the temporary waiver underscores the balancing act between policy objectives and market realities. For India, it reinforces the importance of maintaining diversified supply channels while navigating an increasingly complex international energy landscape.
Trump Administration Reverses Russian Oil Sanctions Waiver Decision
The United States has issued a fresh month-long sanctions waiver permitting transactions involving Russian crude oil already in transit, marking a notable policy reversal within days of signaling a stricter stance. The waiver allows purchases of oil loaded onto vessels as of April 17 to continue until May 16, providing limited flexibility to global buyers amid ongoing disruptions in the energy market. The decision comes shortly after earlier statements ruled out any extension, highlighting the pressure created by rising fuel costs and tightening supply conditions. With gasoline prices climbing and geopolitical tensions affecting key supply routes, the move reflects an effort to stabilize markets rather than signal a broader policy shift. Importantly, the waiver applies only to cargo already at sea and does not authorize new purchases, reinforcing its temporary and targeted nature. For India, one of the largest importers of Russian crude, the extension offers short-term operational relief. Russian supplies currently account for nearly 38 to 40 percent of India’s total crude imports, making them a critical component of the country’s energy mix. Given that India relies on imports for more than 88 percent of its energy needs, even minor disruptions can have significant economic implications. Indian refiners had previously indicated their intent to continue sourcing Russian oil regardless of external sanctions frameworks, emphasizing that energy procurement remains a sovereign decision. The waiver, however, reduces immediate logistical and financial uncertainties by ensuring smoother completion of shipments already underway. As geopolitical tensions continue to reshape global energy flows, the temporary waiver underscores the balancing act between policy objectives and market realities. For India, it reinforces the importance of maintaining diversified supply channels while navigating an increasingly complex international energy landscape.
How are U.S. oil blockades impacting global tensions? They raise risks with China and Russia
The United States has intensified its use of energy shipments as a foreign policy tool, launching parallel efforts aimed at Iran in the Middle East and Cuba in the Caribbean. Under President Donald Trump, a naval blockade targeting Iranian vessels in and around the Strait of Hormuz began on Monday, marking a significant escalation despite a ceasefire agreement reached on April 7 between regional actors. At the same time, Washington has imposed a de facto fuel blockade on Cuba, warn
How are U.S. oil blockades impacting global tensions? They raise risks with China and Russia
The United States has intensified its use of energy shipments as a foreign policy tool, launching parallel efforts aimed at Iran in the Middle East and Cuba in the Caribbean. Under President Donald Trump, a naval blockade targeting Iranian vessels in and around the Strait of Hormuz began on Monday, marking a significant escalation despite a ceasefire agreement reached on April 7 between regional actors. At the same time, Washington has imposed a de facto fuel blockade on Cuba, warn
Trump confirms Iran blockade despite Strait of Hormuz reopening
U.S. President Donald Trump said the United States will continue its naval blockade targeting Iran, even after the Strait of Hormuz was reopened for commercial passage. The statement underscores that the broader conflict involving the United States, Iran, and Israel remains unresolved. In a public message, Trump acknowledged Iran’s move to reopen the strategic waterway, a critical route
Trump confirms Iran blockade despite Strait of Hormuz reopening
U.S. President Donald Trump said the United States will continue its naval blockade targeting Iran, even after the Strait of Hormuz was reopened for commercial passage. The statement underscores that the broader conflict involving the United States, Iran, and Israel remains unresolved. In a public message, Trump acknowledged Iran’s move to reopen the strategic waterway, a critical route
Strait of Hormuz reopens after Lebanon cease-fire, Iran says
The Strait of Hormuz has reopened to commercial maritime traffic following a cease-fire agreement in Lebanon, according to Seyed Abbas Araghchi, who spoke on Friday. The senior Iranian official stated that the strategically critical waterway is now “completely open” for all commercial vessels, signaling a potential easing of tensions that had disrupted global shipping flows. Despite the
Strait of Hormuz reopens after Lebanon cease-fire, Iran says
The Strait of Hormuz has reopened to commercial maritime traffic following a cease-fire agreement in Lebanon, according to Seyed Abbas Araghchi, who spoke on Friday. The senior Iranian official stated that the strategically critical waterway is now “completely open” for all commercial vessels, signaling a potential easing of tensions that had disrupted global shipping flows. Despite the
India’s renewable energy growth reduces impact of global oil shocks
As geopolitical tensions in West Asia continue to disrupt global oil and gas markets, India is showing greater structural resilience compared with past crises, driven by a steady shift in how it produces and consumes energy. Data published in the Reserve Bank of India’s March Bulletin indicates that renewable sources accounted for 26.4 percent of India’s total electricity generation as of January 2026, rising from 22.1 percent in January 2025. This increase reflects a broader tran
India’s renewable energy growth reduces impact of global oil shocks
As geopolitical tensions in West Asia continue to disrupt global oil and gas markets, India is showing greater structural resilience compared with past crises, driven by a steady shift in how it produces and consumes energy. Data published in the Reserve Bank of India’s March Bulletin indicates that renewable sources accounted for 26.4 percent of India’s total electricity generation as of January 2026, rising from 22.1 percent in January 2025. This increase reflects a broader tran
Trump-backed cease-fire in Lebanon puts Netanyahu under pressure at home
A cease-fire between Israel and Lebanon, pressed forward by Donald Trump, is drawing sharp criticism within Israel, where Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faces mounting political pressure over the decision to halt military operations against
Trump-backed cease-fire in Lebanon puts Netanyahu under pressure at home
A cease-fire between Israel and Lebanon, pressed forward by Donald Trump, is drawing sharp criticism within Israel, where Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faces mounting political pressure over the decision to halt military operations against









