What is driving Iran’s cooking oil trade surge? Inflation and shortages at the border
On Turkey’s bustling border crossing with Iran, inflation and shortages are driving a surge in cooking oil trade as economic pressures deepen inside Iran. At the Kapikoy crossing near Van in eastern Turkey, merchants and travelers described a growing demand for basic goods, particularly cooking oil, as Iranian consumers grapple with soaring prices and limited supply. Shopkeepers at the crossing said demand has risen sharply in recent days, with dozens of individuals carrying multiple large bottles of oil back into Iran. The trade has become a small but vital source of income for both Turkish vendors and Iranian buyers seeking to resell or use the goods domestically. Rising food prices and subsidy reforms reshape consumer behavior Iran’s inflation crisis, projected by the International Monetary Fund to approach 70 percent in 2026, has significantly eroded purchasing power. Cooking oil prices surged after the government removed subsidies on certain essential imports in January, a move intended to reduce state spending amid ongoing sanctions. Iranian officials, including President Masoud Pezeshkian, have defended the policy, arguing that subsidies were being exploited without effectively lowering prices. However, many consumers report difficulty finding affordable cooking oil in local markets, forcing them to look beyond the country’s borders. Border trade becomes a lifeline for struggling households For some Iranians, cross-border trade offers a modest financial cushion. Individuals interviewed at the crossing described buying cooking oil in Turkey for just over $10 per five-liter bottle and reselling it in Iran at slightly lower prices than domestic shops, earning small profits. The Kapikoy crossing has remained one of the few consistent links between Iran and the outside world during recent disruptions, including airspace closures and an ongoing internet shutdown that has limited access to information within the country. Economic strain intensifies amid conflict and job losses Beyond inflation, Iran’s economy is facing additional strain from conflict-related disruptions and layoffs. The country’s minimum wage, roughly $108 per month, has failed to keep pace with rising living costs, leaving many households under severe financial pressure. Recent protests driven by economic discontent have been met with government crackdowns, adding to an atmosphere of uncertainty. While the government has introduced monthly cash payments equivalent to about $7 to offset rising costs, analysts say the measure is unlikely to significantly ease the burden on most families. Limited relief despite growing cross-border activity Although the increase in cross-border trade highlights the resilience of individuals adapting to economic hardship, the overall impact remains limited. The modest profits generated by transporting goods like cooking oil do little to offset the broader challenges posed by inflation, unemployment, and supply shortages. For many Iranians, the scenes at the Turkey-Iran border underscore a deeper economic crisis, where even basic necessities require creative—and often difficult—solutions to obtain.
What is driving Iran’s cooking oil trade surge? Inflation and shortages at the border
On Turkey’s bustling border crossing with Iran, inflation and shortages are driving a surge in cooking oil trade as economic pressures deepen inside Iran. At the Kapikoy crossing near Van in eastern Turkey, merchants and travelers described a growing demand for basic goods, particularly cooking oil, as Iranian consumers grapple with soaring prices and limited supply. Shopkeepers at the crossing said demand has risen sharply in recent days, with dozens of individuals carrying multiple large bottles of oil back into Iran. The trade has become a small but vital source of income for both Turkish vendors and Iranian buyers seeking to resell or use the goods domestically. Rising food prices and subsidy reforms reshape consumer behavior Iran’s inflation crisis, projected by the International Monetary Fund to approach 70 percent in 2026, has significantly eroded purchasing power. Cooking oil prices surged after the government removed subsidies on certain essential imports in January, a move intended to reduce state spending amid ongoing sanctions. Iranian officials, including President Masoud Pezeshkian, have defended the policy, arguing that subsidies were being exploited without effectively lowering prices. However, many consumers report difficulty finding affordable cooking oil in local markets, forcing them to look beyond the country’s borders. Border trade becomes a lifeline for struggling households For some Iranians, cross-border trade offers a modest financial cushion. Individuals interviewed at the crossing described buying cooking oil in Turkey for just over $10 per five-liter bottle and reselling it in Iran at slightly lower prices than domestic shops, earning small profits. The Kapikoy crossing has remained one of the few consistent links between Iran and the outside world during recent disruptions, including airspace closures and an ongoing internet shutdown that has limited access to information within the country. Economic strain intensifies amid conflict and job losses Beyond inflation, Iran’s economy is facing additional strain from conflict-related disruptions and layoffs. The country’s minimum wage, roughly $108 per month, has failed to keep pace with rising living costs, leaving many households under severe financial pressure. Recent protests driven by economic discontent have been met with government crackdowns, adding to an atmosphere of uncertainty. While the government has introduced monthly cash payments equivalent to about $7 to offset rising costs, analysts say the measure is unlikely to significantly ease the burden on most families. Limited relief despite growing cross-border activity Although the increase in cross-border trade highlights the resilience of individuals adapting to economic hardship, the overall impact remains limited. The modest profits generated by transporting goods like cooking oil do little to offset the broader challenges posed by inflation, unemployment, and supply shortages. For many Iranians, the scenes at the Turkey-Iran border underscore a deeper economic crisis, where even basic necessities require creative—and often difficult—solutions to obtain.
Why are San Francisco water rates rising? Major increases planned through 2036
Long-term infrastructure upgrades drive rising utility costs San Francisco officials have approved a series of water and sewer rate increases set to begin in the summer of 2026, with additional adjustments planned through 2036. The increases are tied to a long-term capital improvement strategy led by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, aimed at modernizing aging infrastructure and maintaining system reliability. City data shows that portions of the water
Why are San Francisco water rates rising? Major increases planned through 2036
Long-term infrastructure upgrades drive rising utility costs San Francisco officials have approved a series of water and sewer rate increases set to begin in the summer of 2026, with additional adjustments planned through 2036. The increases are tied to a long-term capital improvement strategy led by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, aimed at modernizing aging infrastructure and maintaining system reliability. City data shows that portions of the water
Why did Donald Trump warn the U.K. about tariffs? He cites digital tax concerns
Why did Donald Trump warn the U.K. about tariffs? He cites digital tax concerns — U.S. President Donald Trump issued a strong warning to the United Kingdom, signaling potential tariffs if Britain does not eliminate its digital services tax targeting major American technology firms. Speaking from the Oval Office on Thursday, Trump criticized the policy as an unfair attempt to profit from U.S. companies operating abroad. The digital services tax, introduced by the
Why did Donald Trump warn the U.K. about tariffs? He cites digital tax concerns
Why did Donald Trump warn the U.K. about tariffs? He cites digital tax concerns — U.S. President Donald Trump issued a strong warning to the United Kingdom, signaling potential tariffs if Britain does not eliminate its digital services tax targeting major American technology firms. Speaking from the Oval Office on Thursday, Trump criticized the policy as an unfair attempt to profit from U.S. companies operating abroad. The digital services tax, introduced by the
Nirmala Sitharaman Warns Banks On AI Threat From Anthropic Claude Mythos
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Thursday, April 24, 2026, raised serious concerns over emerging cybersecurity risks posed by advanced artificial intelligence systems, particularly Claude Mythos developed by
Nirmala Sitharaman Warns Banks On AI Threat From Anthropic Claude Mythos
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Thursday, April 24, 2026, raised serious concerns over emerging cybersecurity risks posed by advanced artificial intelligence systems, particularly Claude Mythos developed by
India’s renewable energy growth reduces impact of global oil shocks
As geopolitical tensions in West Asia continue to disrupt global oil and gas markets, India is showing greater structural resilience compared with past crises, driven by a steady shift in how it produces and consumes energy. Data published in the Reserve Bank of India’s March Bulletin indicates that renewable sources accounted for 26.4 percent of India’s total electricity generation as of January 2026, rising from 22.1 percent in January 2025. This increase reflects a broader tran
India’s renewable energy growth reduces impact of global oil shocks
As geopolitical tensions in West Asia continue to disrupt global oil and gas markets, India is showing greater structural resilience compared with past crises, driven by a steady shift in how it produces and consumes energy. Data published in the Reserve Bank of India’s March Bulletin indicates that renewable sources accounted for 26.4 percent of India’s total electricity generation as of January 2026, rising from 22.1 percent in January 2025. This increase reflects a broader tran
Mark Mobius, Pioneer of Emerging Markets Investing, Dies at 89
Mark Mobius, a pioneer in global investing and a key figure in emerging markets, passed away on April 16, 2026, at the age of 89. Widely regarded for transforming investment strategies in developing economies, Mobius played a crucial role in directing billions of dollars into markets across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Over a caree
Mark Mobius, Pioneer of Emerging Markets Investing, Dies at 89
Mark Mobius, a pioneer in global investing and a key figure in emerging markets, passed away on April 16, 2026, at the age of 89. Widely regarded for transforming investment strategies in developing economies, Mobius played a crucial role in directing billions of dollars into markets across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Over a caree
UK finance chief criticizes US over Iran war economic fallout
U.K. Finance Minister Rachel Reeves on Wednesday, April 15, 2026, called for immediate de-escalation of the Iran war, warning that the conflict is posing significant risks to global economic stability and expressing concern over the approach taken by the United States. Speaking at a forum in Washington, D.C., Reeves highlighted the economic consequences of disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, a key global energy shipping route. She warned that ongoing instability in the region is incr
UK finance chief criticizes US over Iran war economic fallout
U.K. Finance Minister Rachel Reeves on Wednesday, April 15, 2026, called for immediate de-escalation of the Iran war, warning that the conflict is posing significant risks to global economic stability and expressing concern over the approach taken by the United States. Speaking at a forum in Washington, D.C., Reeves highlighted the economic consequences of disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, a key global energy shipping route. She warned that ongoing instability in the region is incr
Ken Griffin warns prolonged Hormuz closure could trigger global recession
Ken Griffin, founder and chief executive of Citadel, warned that a prolonged closure of the Strait of Hormuz could push the global economy into a recession, underscoring the fragile balance of energy markets and geopolitical stability. Speaking at the Semafor World Economy conference in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, April 14, 2026, Griffin said that if the critical shipping route remains shut for an extended period, the economic consequences would be unavoidable. He noted that a disruption lasting between six and 12 months would almost certainly result in a global downturn, given the strait’s importance as a key transit point for oil shipments. The Strait of Hormuz handles a significant portion of the world’s crude oil supply, and any sustained blockage would likely drive oil prices higher, intensifying inflationary pressures across major economies. While oil prices have eased slightly from peak levels reached during recent tensions, they remain elevated at around $100 per barrel, compared to under $70 before the conflict began. Griffin emphasized that global markets have so far shown resilience, with stock prices recovering to levels seen prior to earlier U.S. military actions in the region. However, he cautioned that investor confidence remains highly dependent on the duration and scope of the conflict. Many market participants, he said, may be underestimating the risk of further escalation and its potential impact on global growth. He also pointed to heightened vulnerability in Asian economies, which rely heavily on energy imports and are particularly sensitive to oil price fluctuations. A sustained increase in fuel costs could slow industrial output and consumer demand across the region. At the same time, Griffin suggested that prolonged disruption could accelerate a structural shift toward alternative energy sources, including wind, solar, and nuclear power, as countries seek to reduce reliance on volatile supply routes. His remarks highlight growing concerns among financial leaders that geopolitical instability in critical energy corridors could have far-reaching consequences for global economic stability.
Ken Griffin warns prolonged Hormuz closure could trigger global recession
Ken Griffin, founder and chief executive of Citadel, warned that a prolonged closure of the Strait of Hormuz could push the global economy into a recession, underscoring the fragile balance of energy markets and geopolitical stability. Speaking at the Semafor World Economy conference in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, April 14, 2026, Griffin said that if the critical shipping route remains shut for an extended period, the economic consequences would be unavoidable. He noted that a disruption lasting between six and 12 months would almost certainly result in a global downturn, given the strait’s importance as a key transit point for oil shipments. The Strait of Hormuz handles a significant portion of the world’s crude oil supply, and any sustained blockage would likely drive oil prices higher, intensifying inflationary pressures across major economies. While oil prices have eased slightly from peak levels reached during recent tensions, they remain elevated at around $100 per barrel, compared to under $70 before the conflict began. Griffin emphasized that global markets have so far shown resilience, with stock prices recovering to levels seen prior to earlier U.S. military actions in the region. However, he cautioned that investor confidence remains highly dependent on the duration and scope of the conflict. Many market participants, he said, may be underestimating the risk of further escalation and its potential impact on global growth. He also pointed to heightened vulnerability in Asian economies, which rely heavily on energy imports and are particularly sensitive to oil price fluctuations. A sustained increase in fuel costs could slow industrial output and consumer demand across the region. At the same time, Griffin suggested that prolonged disruption could accelerate a structural shift toward alternative energy sources, including wind, solar, and nuclear power, as countries seek to reduce reliance on volatile supply routes. His remarks highlight growing concerns among financial leaders that geopolitical instability in critical energy corridors could have far-reaching consequences for global economic stability.
TTD Records Strong Hundi Performance in 2025-26 Financial Year
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) has reported a significant rise in its Hundi collections for the financial year 2025-26, with total donations reaching an impressive ₹1420 crore. This marks an increase of ₹75 crore compared to the previous financial year 2024-25, reflecting a steady upward trend in temple contributions. The growth highlights the continued faith of devotees visiting Tirumala and making offerings, reinforcing the temple’s position as one of the r
TTD Records Strong Hundi Performance in 2025-26 Financial Year
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) has reported a significant rise in its Hundi collections for the financial year 2025-26, with total donations reaching an impressive ₹1420 crore. This marks an increase of ₹75 crore compared to the previous financial year 2024-25, reflecting a steady upward trend in temple contributions. The growth highlights the continued faith of devotees visiting Tirumala and making offerings, reinforcing the temple’s position as one of the r
What US taxpayers must know about tip and overtime taxes for 2025
A key provision in President Donald Trump’s recent tax legislation introduced significant federal deductions on tips and overtime pay, but the changes do not fully eliminate taxation for millions of American workers. As taxpayers finalize their 2025 returns ahead of the federal filing deadline on Wednesday, April 15, 2026, state governments are emphasizing that these earnings may still be subject
What US taxpayers must know about tip and overtime taxes for 2025
A key provision in President Donald Trump’s recent tax legislation introduced significant federal deductions on tips and overtime pay, but the changes do not fully eliminate taxation for millions of American workers. As taxpayers finalize their 2025 returns ahead of the federal filing deadline on Wednesday, April 15, 2026, state governments are emphasizing that these earnings may still be subject
US consumer confidence hits record low amid Iran conflict and rising energy prices
Consumer confidence in the United States fell sharply in April, reaching its lowest level on record as concerns over rising energy prices and the economic impact of the Iran conflict intensified, according to survey data released on Friday, April 11, 2026. The University of Michigan’s closely watched consumer sentiment index dropped to 47.6, marking a 10.7% decline from March and setting a new historic low. Both the current economic conditions index and the expectations index also p
US consumer confidence hits record low amid Iran conflict and rising energy prices
Consumer confidence in the United States fell sharply in April, reaching its lowest level on record as concerns over rising energy prices and the economic impact of the Iran conflict intensified, according to survey data released on Friday, April 11, 2026. The University of Michigan’s closely watched consumer sentiment index dropped to 47.6, marking a 10.7% decline from March and setting a new historic low. Both the current economic conditions index and the expectations index also p
Married filing jointly vs separately: what couples should know for 2025 taxes
Married couples across the United States face an important decision each tax season: whether to file taxes jointly or separately. That choice could have new implications for the 2025 tax year following recent policy changes introduced under former President Donald Trump’s legislation. In most cases, the tax system favors married filing jointly, which allows couples to combine income, deductions, and credits into a single return. This approach typically results in lower overall incom
Married filing jointly vs separately: what couples should know for 2025 taxes
Married couples across the United States face an important decision each tax season: whether to file taxes jointly or separately. That choice could have new implications for the 2025 tax year following recent policy changes introduced under former President Donald Trump’s legislation. In most cases, the tax system favors married filing jointly, which allows couples to combine income, deductions, and credits into a single return. This approach typically results in lower overall incom
Lawmaker pushes to block wage cuts for H-2A farmworkers
A California lawmaker is seeking federal action to reverse recent labor policy changes that could significantly reduce wages for seasonal agricultural workers across the United States. On Wednesday, March 26, 2026, Representative Zoe Lofgren introduced a resolution aimed at blocking new wage rules implemented by the
Lawmaker pushes to block wage cuts for H-2A farmworkers
A California lawmaker is seeking federal action to reverse recent labor policy changes that could significantly reduce wages for seasonal agricultural workers across the United States. On Wednesday, March 26, 2026, Representative Zoe Lofgren introduced a resolution aimed at blocking new wage rules implemented by the
Trump threatens 50% tariffs on countries supplying weapons to Iran
U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the United States will impose tariffs of 50% on goods imported from any country found to be supplying military weapons to Iran, marking a sharp escalation in trade measures tied to geopolitical tensions. In a statement posted on Wednesday, April 8, 2026 (local U.S. time), Trump said the tariffs would take effect immediately and apply broadly. He emphasized that there would be no “exclusions or exemptions,” warning that “any and all” g
Trump threatens 50% tariffs on countries supplying weapons to Iran
U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the United States will impose tariffs of 50% on goods imported from any country found to be supplying military weapons to Iran, marking a sharp escalation in trade measures tied to geopolitical tensions. In a statement posted on Wednesday, April 8, 2026 (local U.S. time), Trump said the tariffs would take effect immediately and apply broadly. He emphasized that there would be no “exclusions or exemptions,” warning that “any and all” g
India growth forecast raised to 6.6% as South Asia faces economic uncertainty
India is expected to remain the central driver of economic growth in South Asia, even as global uncertainties continue to pressure the broader region, according to the latest outlook from the World Bank. The institution has revised India’s growth forecast for the 2026–27 fiscal year upward to 6.6 percent, an increase from its earlier estimate of 6.3 percent, underscoring confidence in the country’s economic resilience. The updated projection comes amid a challenging global environment shaped by geopolitical tensions, shifting trade dynamics, and volatility in energy markets. These factors have weighed on growth expectations across South Asia, where several economies are projected to experience slower expansion in the coming years. Despite these headwinds, India’s performance continues to stand out, supported by strong domestic demand, policy stability, and ongoing structural reforms. For U.S.-based observers and global investors, India’s upgraded outlook signals a relatively stable growth engine within emerging markets in Asia. As economic uncertainty persists worldwide, India’s trajectory offers a degree of predictability that contrasts with the broader regional slowdown. Analysts note that while external risks remain significant, including supply chain disruptions and energy price fluctuations, India’s diversified economy positions it to better absorb global shocks. The World Bank’s revision highlights India’s role as a stabilizing force in South Asia’s economic landscape. While neighboring economies face mounting fiscal and external pressures, India is expected to continue contributing the largest share of regional growth. This dynamic reinforces the country’s importance not only within Asia but also in the context of the global economy, where emerging markets are increasingly influential. Overall, the revised forecast reflects cautious optimism. While challenges persist, India’s economic fundamentals and growth momentum suggest it will remain a key pillar of regional and global economic stability in the years ahead.
India growth forecast raised to 6.6% as South Asia faces economic uncertainty
India is expected to remain the central driver of economic growth in South Asia, even as global uncertainties continue to pressure the broader region, according to the latest outlook from the World Bank. The institution has revised India’s growth forecast for the 2026–27 fiscal year upward to 6.6 percent, an increase from its earlier estimate of 6.3 percent, underscoring confidence in the country’s economic resilience. The updated projection comes amid a challenging global environment shaped by geopolitical tensions, shifting trade dynamics, and volatility in energy markets. These factors have weighed on growth expectations across South Asia, where several economies are projected to experience slower expansion in the coming years. Despite these headwinds, India’s performance continues to stand out, supported by strong domestic demand, policy stability, and ongoing structural reforms. For U.S.-based observers and global investors, India’s upgraded outlook signals a relatively stable growth engine within emerging markets in Asia. As economic uncertainty persists worldwide, India’s trajectory offers a degree of predictability that contrasts with the broader regional slowdown. Analysts note that while external risks remain significant, including supply chain disruptions and energy price fluctuations, India’s diversified economy positions it to better absorb global shocks. The World Bank’s revision highlights India’s role as a stabilizing force in South Asia’s economic landscape. While neighboring economies face mounting fiscal and external pressures, India is expected to continue contributing the largest share of regional growth. This dynamic reinforces the country’s importance not only within Asia but also in the context of the global economy, where emerging markets are increasingly influential. Overall, the revised forecast reflects cautious optimism. While challenges persist, India’s economic fundamentals and growth momentum suggest it will remain a key pillar of regional and global economic stability in the years ahead.
Why the 50% Wage Rule is Impacting Your Take-Home Pay
You might be receiving the same CTC as before, but a closer look at your bank account could reveal that your take-home pay has dropped. This change is likely due to the new 50% wage rule, which has been introduced under India's revised Labour Codes. While the Cost to Company (CTC) remains unchanged, this rule is quietly reshaping how salaries are structured, particularly the proportion allocated to basic pay, dearness allowance, and retaining allowance. Under the new rule, basic pay
Why the 50% Wage Rule is Impacting Your Take-Home Pay
You might be receiving the same CTC as before, but a closer look at your bank account could reveal that your take-home pay has dropped. This change is likely due to the new 50% wage rule, which has been introduced under India's revised Labour Codes. While the Cost to Company (CTC) remains unchanged, this rule is quietly reshaping how salaries are structured, particularly the proportion allocated to basic pay, dearness allowance, and retaining allowance. Under the new rule, basic pay
Oil prices rise as Trump warns Iran ahead of Hormuz deadline
Oil prices climbed sharply on Tuesday (date not sp
Oil prices rise as Trump warns Iran ahead of Hormuz deadline
Oil prices climbed sharply on Tuesday (date not sp
RBI Plans Incentives for NRI Deposits to Stabilize Indian Rupee
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is expected to introduce incentives for Non-Resident Indian (NRI) deposits in its upcoming April monetary policy review to help stabilize the Indian Rupee. Experts suggest that the RBI may revive the foreign currency non-resident (FCNR B) deposit scheme to attract foreign deposits and address the rupee's volatility. Currently, the UAE accounts for over 40% of FCNR (B) deposits, showing a heavy reliance on the Gulf region. NRI deposit inflows have seen
RBI Plans Incentives for NRI Deposits to Stabilize Indian Rupee
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is expected to introduce incentives for Non-Resident Indian (NRI) deposits in its upcoming April monetary policy review to help stabilize the Indian Rupee. Experts suggest that the RBI may revive the foreign currency non-resident (FCNR B) deposit scheme to attract foreign deposits and address the rupee's volatility. Currently, the UAE accounts for over 40% of FCNR (B) deposits, showing a heavy reliance on the Gulf region. NRI deposit inflows have seen
Average US tax refunds rise by $350 in 2026, IRS data shows
The average tax refund for U.S. filers has increased by roughly $350 during the 2026 tax season, according to the latest data released by the Internal Revenue Service on Friday, March 27, 2026. The IRS reported that the average refund reached $3,521 as of that date, compared with $3,170 during the same period in 2025, reflecting a noticeable rise in payouts to taxpayers. The data shows that approximately 88.4 million individual tax returns had been received by Friday, March 27, 2026,
Average US tax refunds rise by $350 in 2026, IRS data shows
The average tax refund for U.S. filers has increased by roughly $350 during the 2026 tax season, according to the latest data released by the Internal Revenue Service on Friday, March 27, 2026. The IRS reported that the average refund reached $3,521 as of that date, compared with $3,170 during the same period in 2025, reflecting a noticeable rise in payouts to taxpayers. The data shows that approximately 88.4 million individual tax returns had been received by Friday, March 27, 2026,
Trump floats Hormuz strategy as Pentagon seeks record war funding
US President Donald Trump said on Friday, April 3, 2026, that the United States could potentially “open” the Strait of Hormuz and seize oil resources if given additional time, as tensions continue to escalate in the ongoing Iran war. The remarks, posted on his Truth Social platform, come amid growing concerns over global energy security and disruptions to one of the world’s most critical shipping routes. Trump’s statement suggested a more aggressive approach to the strategic
Trump floats Hormuz strategy as Pentagon seeks record war funding
US President Donald Trump said on Friday, April 3, 2026, that the United States could potentially “open” the Strait of Hormuz and seize oil resources if given additional time, as tensions continue to escalate in the ongoing Iran war. The remarks, posted on his Truth Social platform, come amid growing concerns over global energy security and disruptions to one of the world’s most critical shipping routes. Trump’s statement suggested a more aggressive approach to the strategic









